• Body of Knowledge:
    Project Identification and PPP Screening
    7. Information Requirements/Data Checklist
    Most projects have constraints and dependencies that must be clarified before beginning the full appraisal, such as land availability and environmental studies. The main purpose of these considerations is to identify potential difficulties or obstacles that will have to be considered during the...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Strategy Delivery and Commissioning
    8.1. Importance of Change Management
    One of the common questions asked about PPPs is why, despite the great development of standardized PPP contracts, so many PPP contracts are varied or amended during their term. With standardization in all areas of PPP project development and implementation, why would any form of change or amendment...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Strategy Delivery and Commissioning
    4.1. Governance and Contract Management Team Establishment
    From a practical perspective, the Value for Money generated through a PPP depends on the quality of the private partner and the government’s contract management systems and teams. This is especially true for PPP contracts that have some form of risk retention on the part of the government, be it in...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Establishing a PPP Framework
    1.6.4 Tender and Award
    A well designed and implemented procurement is central to achieving Value for Money from the PPP. Procurement processes can include marketing the PPP, checking the qualifications of bidders, inviting and evaluating proposals, interacting with bidders during the process, selecting the preferred...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    PPP Introduction and Overview
    5.5. Conditions for Accessing the Benefits: Introducing the Elements and Phases of a Proper PPP Process, the Need for Project Governance and the Role of the PPP Framework
    The preceding sections explained how the PPP option may be a significant source of incremental efficiency and provide other benefits for better infrastructure management. It may also have weak points and other issues that make it inappropriate for some of projects. Governments need to protect and...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
    8.3 The Case of Competitive Dialogue, Interaction, and Best-and-Final Offers (BAFO) Type Procurement Processes
    Where and when used. Dialogue and interactive processes Dialogue types of procurement and other negotiated and/or interactive processes are an option in some jurisdictions (for example, in the EU in general) and are the standard in some others (for example, in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK)....
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Operations and Handback
    2. Contract Management and Monitoring during the Operations Phase
    2.1. Importance of Contract Management and Monitoring   The previous chapter (sections 3 and 4) explained the importance of: the contract management and monitoring; providing for the governance, structure and function of contract management; and the contract management team. The principles of the...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Strategy Delivery and Commissioning
    5.3. Reasons for Unsuccessful PPP Projects during the Construction Phase
    Several studies show that some PPPs were cancelled during the Construction Phase due to the lack of or a poorly executed contract management function[17]. See table 7.4. TABLE 7.4: Examples of Projects Cancelled during the Construction Phase Project Reason Light Railway Transit (LRT...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Appraising PPP Projects
    9.1 How to Conduct the Market Sounding
    An effective market sounding exercise provides an opportunity for a structured dialogue between the private and the public sectors at early stages of the PPP process. This not only tests the viability of the project’s details, but it also obtains precious feedback on how aspects of the project...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Operations and Handback
    5. Managing Finances
    5.1. Payment Mechanisms The mechanism by which the private partner receives revenue with which it covers its costs, services its debt obligations, and generates a profit must be linked to the performance of its obligations under the PPP contract. The very heart of risk transfer and, therefore,...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    PPP Introduction and Overview
    10. An Overview of the PPP Process Cycle: How to Prepare, Structure and Manage a PPP Contract
    This section describes the overview of the PPP project process which is then developed in detail — phase by phase — in chapters 3 to 8 of this PPP Guide. The intention of this description is to give the reader a general view of the whole process, providing a preliminary description of its main...
  • Body of Knowledge:
    Appraising PPP Projects
    16.2 Assessing Value for Money
    The VfM analysis compares the relative merits of PPP procurement against one or more other procurement routes, usually traditional public finance. This can be done using quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, or both. Some frameworks focus on quantitative analysis, requiring a comparison of...
  • Media:
    Blog posts
    PPPs and Covid-19: Your Questions Answered
    We received several questions from delegates during the 'PPPs and Covid-19 Webinar.' The panel has provided the following written responses. The full recording of the webinar is now available on YouTube.   Answers by Natalia Korchakova-Heeb, Managing Director SDG.17 Consulting GmbH, leader...