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Blog posts
The United Kingdom has been a leading player in the development of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) since the inception of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the early 1990s. PFI is a structure that introduced project finance into UK public services for the first time. Under PFI, a private...
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Body of Knowledge:
Strategy Delivery and Commissioning
When dealing with under-performance and non-compliance in the Construction Phase, the issue is not the standard of services provided but rather the time taken to complete the asset and the quality of the asset on completion. In general terms, the private partner is incentivized to bring the asset...
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Body of Knowledge:
Tendering and Awarding the Contract
In addition to the need to select or pre-select the candidates in a short list (see chapter 5.6.4), the competitive dialogue processes (and other interactive processes) have a number of particular and common issues.
These relate to the special stage of interaction or dialogue where the technical...
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Claim and share your digital badges on social media and add them to your online CV and email signature to broadcast your certified skills to employers and other interested parties.
Successful candidates can now claim a digital badge to embed on an email signature, website, social media platforms or...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
Through a proper structuring and drafting process (of both of the contract and the RFP package), the government is aiming to ensure that the procurement of the PPP Project will be a success by launching an affordable and feasible project that will deliver the desired levels of service and a Value...
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Body of Knowledge:
Appraising PPP Projects
The operating costs or operating expenditures (Opex) and reinvestments (infrastructure renewals or life-cycle costs) are commonly distributed throughout the entire duration of the contract. Most of those costs are outputs of the technical requirements, but they must be organized in terms of yearly...
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Inflation, when considering not only revenues but also costs, is a two-sided risk: higher inflation affecting costs will result in lower operational margins. However, provided that it is neutralized by a revenue indexation mechanism, it may result in higher nominal cash flows to debt service and to...
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Body of Knowledge:
Tendering and Awarding the Contract
It is possible that no bidders will submit, which constitutes a clear process failure. This is best avoided by having a well-planned and well-structured tender process, consistent with the practices described in chapter 5 of this PPP Certification Guide. If it does eventuate that there are no...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
For the purpose of this chapter, the term financial structure is taken from the public perspective, that is, the financial structure of the contract as opposed to the financial structure of the project company (which is how the private partner would use the term). In this context, the financial...
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Blog posts
La semana pasada, los delegados que acudieron al curso CP3P Foundation-Madrid de K-Infra e hicieron el examen en las instalaciones de K-Infra, recibieron su nota definitiva, y todos ellos aprobaron.
El curso Foundation-Madrid ha sido la primera edición de formación CP3P Foundation de K-Infra...
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Body of Knowledge:
Strategy Delivery and Commissioning
There is nothing that illustrates complexity better than the implementation of mega-projects. In this case, mega projects are PPP projects that are of high value, and are complex and lengthy by nature[15]. It can be demonstrated that a distinction among four different types of complexity helps to...
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Body of Knowledge:
Appraising PPP Projects
The nature of the Appraisal Phase is intrinsically multidisciplinary. It consists of a series of intricate and interrelated exercises that detail the project, compare the project to a set of feasibility criteria, and prepare it for procurement (see figure 4.2).
FIGURE 4.2: Overview of the Appraisal...
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News
Компания APMG International и Международная Финансовая Корпорация (МФК) рады сообщить о том, что первый том Руководства по Государственно-частному партнерству (ГЧП) и иные материалы для подготовки и сдачи экзамена по Основам ГЧП теперь доступны на русском языке благодаря поддержке Швейцарского...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
Section 9.2 has shown how payments are linked to service performance through availability payment mechanisms, so that deductions or abatements are made from the payments commensurate with any failure to meet set service standards or target levels of service. The price paid is therefore adjusted to...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
Performance requirements may be considered a part of the broader concept of "technical requirements" or "technical specifications", which in general terms refers to the specifications in the contract for what is requested of the private partner in terms of quality and/or quantity. Performance...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
BOX 5.14: Clarifications regarding the Scope of the Risk Concept assumed in this Chapter
Risk from a financial perspective
This chapter deals with risk matters from a financial perspective. As such, it is centred on risks affecting the infrastructure asset and the economic business related to...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
PPPs are generally (in developed countries and EMDEs with a certain degree of financial market development) financed in the local currency[13].
National agencies (national development banks [NDBs] and other national financial institutions) may play a significant role in lending to projects,...
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Body of Knowledge:
Appraising PPP Projects
The project team, typically with specialized consultants, must address a fundamental question during the environmental feasibility analysis: is there any specific aspect of the project that makes environmental approvals impossible or the costs to obtain them prohibitive?[43]
To approach the...
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Body of Knowledge:
Structuring and Drafting the Tender and Contract
The project should have been sounded out during the Appraisal Phase (see chapter 4.9.1).
It is good practice to conduct further market testing during the Structuring Phase to collect reactions, suggestions, and concerns from the industry (investors, contractors, and lenders following the options...
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Body of Knowledge:
Project Identification and PPP Screening
The first stage of project identification is the identification of a public need[2]. Projects are not an end in themselves. They are enablers for the government to meet its service delivery obligations. Hence, the government needs to understand what the problem is that it is trying to solve before...
